International Journal of Indonesian Philosophy & Theology
International Journal of Indonesian Philosophy & Theology (IJIPTh) is an open-access journal. This journal a blind-reviewed philosophical-theological journal published by AFTI (Asosiasi Filsafat Teologi Indonesia / Association of Indonesian Philosophy and Theology) and AAFKI (Asosiasi Ahli Filsafat Keilahian Indonesia / Association of the Indonesian Experts of Divinity Studies). IJIPTh specializes in researched papers related to contextualizing and inculturating theology and philosophy in Indonesian and Asian landscapes from trans-interdisciplinary methodological perspective. IJIPT welcomes philosophical and theological contributions from scholars around the world with various background of disciplines. This journal uses English Language. IJIPTh is an open access journal whose papers published is freely downloaded. IJIPTh can only be accessed through our official webpage, other than this website, it is outside our responsibility. Online ISSN: 2722-8886, Printed ISSN: 2722-8894 DOI: https://doi.org/10.47043/ijipth
Asosiasi Ahli Filsafat Keilahian Indonesia
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Belis and Women’s Dignity: Cultural and Catholic Reflections in Wolosambi
The belis tradition in Wolosambi society is a cultural institution affirming solidarity, reciprocity, and women’s dignity. Historically, it strengthened family bonds and honored women as the center of social life. Yet, contemporary pressures have shifted its meaning toward materialism, creating risks of commodification and reinforcing patriarchy. This study applies a qualitative-descriptive approach with cultural hermeneutics to explore the symbolic values of belis, its effects on women’s dignity, and its theological significance. The study was conducted in Wolosambi, Flores, Indonesia. Findings highlight its dual character: while affirming women’s vital role, it may also reduce them to economic objects. Through Catholic theological reflection, especially Mulieris Dignitatem and inculturation principles, this article proposes a reinterpretation of belis that preserves cultural identity while promoting justice, gender equality, and human dignity. The study contributes theoretically to contextual theology by articulating belis as a culturally embedded locus of moral meaning, and practically by offering pastoral and inculturation-oriented guidelines for safeguarding women’s dignity within local marriage practices.
Copyright (c) 2025 Policarpus, Antonius Denny Firmanto (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Relevance of Educational Thoughts by Al-Kindi, Al-Farabi, and Ibn Sina in Contemporary Context
This research investigates their similarities and differences in educational approaches and their relevance in modern educational contexts. The research method employs library research, drawing data from their works and philosophical perspectives on education, sourced from books, Google Scholar, ResearchGate, BASE, Publish or Perish, and Scopus. The data were analysed using data reduction, collection, and conclusion drawing. The result reveals that Al-Kindi emphasises reason and rational thinking, and Al-Farabi focuses on character formation and wisdom. At the same time, Ibn Sina views education as a holistic process encompassing intellectual, moral, and physical development. The implications underscore the importance of integrating these concepts into curricula and practices to prepare a knowledgeable, morally grounded, and wisely discerning future generation capable of navigating the complexities of the 21st century.
Copyright (c) 2025 muh ibnu sholeh https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Theological Dimensions of Basar Songsfrom the Kei Islands, Indonesia
This article aims to explores the theological dimensions embedded in Basar, a traditional ceremonial song of the Kei people in Southeast Maluku, particularly in its interaction with the Catholic faith. Using Robert J. Schreiter’s cultural semiotic method, comprising sign (melody), rule (ritual context), and message (life themes), this study reveals that Basar carries messages of reverence and gratitude rooted in the Larvul Ngabal customary law. These messages reflect a religious-spiritual worldview in which reverence for community leaders is understood as reverence for Christ (Christological dimension), and gratitude to Duad—the local term for God—is reinterpreted as gratitude to the Triune God (Trinitarian dimension). Thus, Basar functions not merely as a cultural artifact but as a theological resource capable of liturgical inculturation and contextual theological reflection within the Kei Catholic community.
Copyright (c) 2025 Bernard Antonius Rahawarin, Petrus Andito Lalamafu (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
From Pen Fini to the Holy Eucharist: Bridging Atoin Meto's Sacred Traditions
The world has changed so much. The changing of the world has affected all dimensions of human life. It has brought about a change in the role of religious institutions. Moreover, people from different cultures, religions, denominations, and spiritualities come together and share the same land, air, and social life. However, the Good News still has to be spread and shared. Diane M. Millis, the founder of Journey Conversation Project, believes that conversation involves verbal and non-verbal messages. She senses another dimension in human conversation, which is Divine Presence. In this sense, daily encounters can be a means of spiritual conversation. This research will apply qualitative research. The target population of this research is Catholic lay people who are involved in the New Evangelisation movement and pastoral ministry. The findings are as follows: First, creating or capturing a ‘generative theme’. It is important in conversation to reach a generative theme. Second, engaging with people’s lives. This step includes questioning, listening, and responding. Third, sharing Christian faith, the experience of faith. This is a crucial moment in which evangelizers must discern whether or not they will convert the conversation into sharing or providing the interlocutor with knowledge of belief or Christian values. Fourth, giving an authentic affirmation. Fifth, praying. The evangelizers can invite those with whom they have conversations to pray.
Copyright (c) 2025 Antonius Ignasius Nggino Tukan, Januario Gonjaga https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Bigger Participation and Wider Collaboration: Second Vatican Council as an Arena of Creation and its Indonesian Contextualization
The Second Vatican Council is an opportunity for the Catholic church in fostering a new perspective on looking at her presence both among the Catholic adherents and society in general. The Post-conciliar Catholic Church lives with particular social approach with two invitations at the same time: the invitation for the participation of a bigger number of Catholics in pastoral works belongs of the Church; and the encouragement for collaboration either among the Catholics or with those from other Churches or different religions. Along with the exploration toward documents that related to interreligious dialogue, this study contributes in looking at the new ecclesiology. The Post-conciliar Catholic Church is no longer a community that looking at herself as the one above society, but rather as the one among the others. In the light of Pierre Bourdieu’s theory of field, capital and habitus, this study concludes this new ecclesiology, both in the global and Indonesian local context, is accompanying the Church to be a community that fostering internal participation and elaborating external collaboration.
Copyright (c) 2025 Martinus Joko Lelono (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Local Eschatologies: Reading the Afterlife through the Javanese Bersih Desa Ritual
In an era marked by modernization, traditional rituals are often dismissed as obsolete or merely symbolic remnants of the past. This study challenges such assumptions by exploring Bersih Desa, a Javanese communal cleansing ritual, as a site of implicit eschatological expression. Far from being a purely cultural celebration, Bersih Desa embodies the community’s deeply held hopes for spiritual continuity and post-mortem well-being. Through an ethnographic study conducted in Sumberandong hamlet, Sumberoto village in South Malang, this research investigates how local conceptions of the afterlife are embedded within ritual practices and communal narratives. Drawing on in-depth interviews with ritual leaders and participants, and employing Creswell’s qualitative analysis framework, the findings reveal a rich interplay between indigenous spiritual cosmologies and formal religious teachings. This syncretic understanding sustains the ritual’s vitality, functioning as a localized eschatology bridging tradition and transcendence. The study contributes to contextual theology and anthropology of religion, offering insight into how rituals like Bersih Desa articulate the hopes and horizons of a living tradition.
Copyright (c) 2025 Wiwin Wiwin (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Paul Tillich's Concept of "Ultimate Concern" for Sustainable Inter-Religious Dialogue
Indonesia’s rich diversity in ethnicity, culture, religion, and beliefs is a national strength and a potential source of conflict. Instances such as public opposition to the construction of places of worship in various regions demonstrate how religious differences can fuel conflicts. In this context, inter-religious dialogue is vital in preventing and resolving conflicts within religiously plural communities. The harmonious relationship between Muslims and Christians in Sambikerep Village, Surabaya, motivated the author to investigate this subject. This article explores Paul Tillich’s concept of “Ultimate Concern” as a framework for understanding the experiences of research participants in Muslim-Christian dialogue. This phenomenological study aims to highlight the importance of Tillich's concept in promoting sustainable inter-religious dialogue and fostering long-term peace and understanding. For this study, the author employed Heidegger’s hermeneutic phenomenological method, utilized in-depth interviews to collect data, and conducted observations to confirm the authenticity of the interview findings. The three main findings of this article are: the importance of viewing religion as a concept that helps balance the opposing aspects of religious content and practice; inclusivism as a path for interreligious dialogue that does not dilute personal convictions; and the courage to participate in a humanist community, which fosters sustainable interreligious dialogue by overcoming the fear of rejection.
Copyright (c) 2025 Emil John Suot, Raymundus Sudhiarsa, Edison Tinambunan, Stefanus Kristianto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Body as Resistance: The Naked Body Movement of Women in Nusa Tenggara Timur as A Political Action from Hannah Arendt’s Perspective
In recent years, the naked body movement as a form of women’s resistance against the expansion of the extractive industries in Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT) has drawn less attention from academics. This movement significantly redefines women's public roles and drives social development. This research explores the meaning of women's naked body movement based on Hannah Arendt’s theory of action. This research uses a qualitative approach, including a literature review, a document study, and critical analysis. This study indicates that the women's naked body movement in NTT is a political action because it is challenging and subverting structural and political injustice, transforming the negative association of nudity into positive power. This movement transforms the woman's body from a laboring and working body to a political body. This politicization of sexuality has drawn public attention to the female body, making it a form of politics itself. The transformation redefines the female body as a powerful site of resistance against state authority, capitalist exploitation, and patriarchal control.
Copyright (c) 2025 Petrus Tan, Norbertus Jegalus https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Transformation of The Concept of God for The Karo Catholic Tribe Will Be Dibata Sikaci-Kaci
Karo people believe in the existence of Dibata Kaci-kaci (“God”). The understanding and belief about Dibata is obtained through life experiences, natural phenomena, and events experienced. The orientation of this research is to find the transformation of belief in Dibata as the concept of God for Karo Catholics. The research method used is qualitative, with interview techniques based on experiences derived from oral traditions, group discussion forums, and documentation. Research informants: five traditional leaders, two Karo culturalists, two priests, and five pastoral councils of parishes and stations. This research uses Rudolf Otto's (1917) theory of religious phenomenology to understand the experience and understanding of the sacred or numinous. This theory helps explain how Karo people experience and understand God's presence through natural phenomena and life events. The findings of this study are in line with previous research by Singarimbun (1975) and Ginting (2018), which also examined the concept of God in Karo beliefs. However, this study provides a new perspective by exploring the transformation of the concept in the context of Karo Catholics. The novelty of this research lies in finding the intersection between the experience and understanding of God in the beliefs of the Karo people and the concept of the Trinity in the teachings of the Catholic Church. The results show that the Karo people recognize, acknowledge, and believe in the existence of a God who is both transcendent and immanent, namely Dibata Datas (God Above), Dibata Tengah (God Middle), and Dibata Teruh (God Below). The experience and understanding of God in the Karo people's beliefs find common ground, thus becoming an opportunity for evangelization. The concept of the Karo God as a God with three persons (Dibata si Telu Sada) reveals the Karo belief that Dibata is present in all realities: the upper world, the middle world, and the lower world. For example, Karo: Mula jadi (creator, origin), Dibata Kaci kaci (loving God), Nini (grandfather). This finding is a new idea that can be used as catechetical material about the Trinity that the Catholic Church believes in.
Copyright (c) 2024 Paulinus Tibo, Paulus Hakek Bere, Edison RL. Tinambunan
The Meaning of Javanese Slametan Arwah in The Perspective of Eucharistic Theology Through Umberto Eco’s Sign of Production Theory
Death is a universal experience that brings profound grief to the surrounding family and community. While the journey of grieving is deeply personal—shaped by each individual’s unique relationship with the deceased—cultural factors play a significant role in how humans derive meaning from death and navigate the accompanying grief. In a context in which culture and Catholicism are interwoven, like the case in the Javanese Catholic community, it is not uncommon that there would arise questions on meaning and confusion on the rites associated with death. This research discusses the resonance and dissonance between the slametan arwah rite in Javanese culture and the rite to commemorate the deceased in the Eucharistic celebration. Utilizing the framework of 'mode of sign production' by Umberto Eco, this study shows that slametan arwah rituals share some similarities with the Eucharist: in them, the centrality of communion expressed and strengthened through prayer and shared meals, the remembrance of the deceased as a way of maintaining harmony between the deceased with the living, and the ceremonial structure both practices hold. However, the critical point to observe is that there are distinctions between them in their perspectives on salvation, the presence of death remembrance is not central within the Eucharist, and an understanding of Christ's sacrificial offering in the Eucharist. This study is organized into four sections based on Umberto Eco's Semiotics of Signs: Recognition, Ostentation, Replica, and Invention. Before these analyses, an overview of the slametan arwah rite within the Javanese worldview will be provided. Through these discussions, the study aims to help Catholic Javanese deepen their understanding of both practices to prevent theological confusion. It also aims to contribute to the vision of inculturation advocated by Vatican II, fostering a richer integration of local customs with church theology.
Copyright (c) 2024 Jakobus Aditya Christie Manggala, Isodorus Bangkit Susetyo Adi Nugroho
Urban Church's Contextual Response to Urban Toxicity with An Intersubjective Approach
The post-pandemic period is full of challenges for urban churches in Surabaya. While having to survive, he must also continue interpreting his presence as an extension of the mission of the Kingdom of God. Rumah Singgah is a manifestation of GKI Pregolan Bunder's participatory-transformative diakonia mission as an ecclesiological response to the urban context in Central Surabaya. This mission is based on the redemptive work of Christ. It runs on an intersubjective path where all parties are subjects who continue to actively participate in transforming life for the sake of shared well-being. Through this qualitative phenomenological research, the researcher wants to propose an intersubjective approach as a new alternative to the urban mission in Surabaya, especially in the new post-pandemic era. Researchers conducted interviews based on Ricouer's scheme regarding life events in Rumah Singgah. The results found that intersubjective relations are relevant for building interactive and dialogical encounters between the church and surrounding communities.
Copyright (c) 2024 Sandi Nugroho, Raymundus I Made Sudhiarsa, Antonius Denny Firmanto, Andry Saputra Ligawan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Technology as a Means of Human Liberation in the Perspective of Herbert Marcuse
The focus of this research examines technology as a means of human liberation from the perspective of Herbert Marcuse. This research aims to investigate and look at new technology, namely technology that leads to the goal of complete human development. The development of human dignity is the goal of technology because technology is a means of human liberation to achieve its fullness. Technology is not a means of domination in various areas of life. Researchers used descriptive qualitative methods and critical reading of texts. Based on critical reading of the text, the researcher analyzes and combines materials related to Herbert Marcuse's views on One Dimensional Man. The findings in this research are that Marcuse does not reject technology because of the close relationship between technology and human development. Although it cannot be denied that industrial society, with its technology, oppresses humans, it does not invite humans to return to the pre-industrial or pre-technical era. Instead, it continues to turn to the liberating capabilities of technology and industrialization.
Copyright (c) 2024 Dismas Kwirinus, Pius Pandor, Petrus Yuniarto
Political Life in Society 5.0: Implications of Justice and Equality
Technology has expanded access to information and made political participation easier for people. However, technology also has the potential to exacerbate political problems, depending on how it is used and regulated. Solutions to political and technological problems depend on actions taken by governments, the technology industry, and society, including the wise use of technology and ensuring it does not harm human rights. Everyone should be a continuous learner, a wise user, and advocate for digital rights and participation in technology politics. Inclusion, transparency, and responsibility should be the foundation of technology politics, so that technology can help address various political and social issues today. However, the use of technology must be based on inclusive, fair, and responsible principles, and consider its impact on society and the environment. This research was conducted using the method of book analysis from several authors who wrote about politics and Society 5.0. This paper also provides an overview of what Society 5.0 is, how it differs from previous eras, and how it affects politics and society. Technology can be a solution for current political development, but only if used wisely and supported by appropriate policies and regulations.
The Solidarity of Humanitarian Activists in Addressing the Humanitarian Crisis in Papua: Understanding the Role of the Subject through the Lens of J.B. Metz's Political Theology
The humanitarian crisis in Papua, Indonesia, persists due to ongoing tensions between the state and indigenous Papuans. This crisis manifests in various forms, including war, horizontal conflicts, murder, arrests, violence, intimidation, and terror. These dehumanising conditions have led to the emergence of individuals and groups who stand in solidarity with those most affected, such as humanitarian activists from diverse backgrounds. Johann Baptist Metz highlighted the significance of solidarity as a cornerstone of his practical fundamental theology. Drawing on this theoretical framework, this study employs a phenomenological approach to explore and analyse the experiences of activists in Papua. The purpose is to capture the lived experiences of those who seek solidarity with vulnerable communities. The findings reveal that solidarity arises from a desire to help others, shared human values, and personal encounters with those who suffer. It develops across all social groups, among fellow sufferers or individuals from more privileged backgrounds.
Copyright (c) 2025 Maximilian Boas Pegan, Frans Guna Langkeru, Ignasius Ngari, Fransesco Agnes Ranubaya https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Daily Spiritual Encounter Finding Way to Share Faith in New Evangelization
Copyright (c) 2024 Martinus Irwan Yulius
Muslim Scientists From The East: A Comparison Thought Of Al-Kindi And Ar-Razi
The development of science is inseparable from philosophy, this is because philosophy is the parent of all science itself. With the efforts of Muslim leaders to translate philosophical books into Arabic, there is a new science in Islam. In this process also arises differences of opinion from each philosophical figure. This research will compare the philosophical thoughts of Al-Kindi and Al-Razi. The research method used is literature review. The data sources in this research are journals, articles, books, and proceedings that are directly related to this theme. The concept of thought compared in this study is the concept of soul, morals and ethics from Al-Kindi and Al-Razi.
Copyright (c) 2024 Retnowati Satyaningrum, Muhammad Fadli Ramadhan
Analysis Of Ontology, Epistemology and Axiology Of Balaghah Science In Arabic (A Study Of Philosophy Of Science)
The science of Balaghah is very famous for Arabic language learners so many have researched related to the existence of this science in strengthening the context of Arabic language learning. In this case, researchers also do the same thing, namely conducting research related to Balaghah Science which relates to Philosophy of Science material that discusses ontology, epistemology, and axiology. The purpose of this research is to find out the ontology, epistemology, and axiology contained in Balaghah Science. This type of research is descriptive qualitative research with the research method used by the author being a literature study or literature study. The results of this study found that the ontology of Balaghah science concerns the nature of what will be studied and highlights the existence and nature of rhetorical reality, epistemology focuses on how Balaghah knowledge is obtained and the use of Balaghah science, while axiology evaluates ethical and aesthetic values in delivering messages. Axiology is also concerned with assessing the beauty and values contained in the use of language.
Copyright (c) 2024 Suria Anisah, Fadhli Ramadhan
Prevention Efforts of Young People Against Radicalism in Social Media According to The Conflict Theory of Lewis A. Coser
Young people are often vulnerable to radicalism that spreads through social media. This study uses library research to explore Lewis A. Coser's Conflict Theory and how radicalism impacts young people online. This study seeks to understand the adverse impact of radicalism on young people and offer strategies to overcome its negative influence. The method used is a literature analysis to understand the relationship between radicalism and social media. The aim is to identify ways to avoid the spread of radicalism among young people and to propose preventive measures. Young people have an important role to play in countering radicalism. Some of the steps that can be taken include improving digital literacy so that they can filter the information they receive, promoting understanding of global issues to prevent extremism, and practicing the principles of Pancasila, particularly Bhinneka Tunggal Ika, to strengthen their sense of nationalism and diversity. This research underscores the importance of the media's contribution to providing positive information that helps steer young people away from radicalism. In addition, this research shows that preventive action from young people is crucial in maintaining unity and preventing social conflicts that may arise due to radicalism. Hopefully, the younger generation can become effective agents of change in keeping Indonesia plural and multicultural.
Copyright (c) 2024 Fransesco Agnes Ranubaya, Yohanes Endi
Revolutionizing Catechesis: Embracing Technology for Effective Faith Formation
This literature review explores the transformative integration of technology in faith formation, particularly in catechesis. The shift toward digital platforms prompts a reevaluation of engaging modern learners. This article uncovers technology's advantages and challenges in catechetical contexts by assessing existing literature. Technology enables novel approaches to religious instruction, enhancing learner engagement and comprehension. Interactive tools, online resources, and multimedia enrich accessibility. However, concerns encompass potential superficiality, disruption, and traditional value retention. A balanced method emerges through synthesis, combining proven pedagogies with suitable technology for optimal outcomes. The review highlights the significance of a discerning and empathetic integration of technology in catechesis, fostering genuine spiritual growth within today's technology-immersed generation.
Copyright (c) 2024 Emmeria Tarihoran, Antonius Denny Firmanto, Agustinus Supur, Alponsus Zeno Kurniawan
Bishop John Philip Saklil’s Theological Preference for The Indigenous Papuans: An Attempt to Respond to People's Doubts
This research explores and answers the question: What is Bishop John Philip Saklil's contribution to developing the Indigenous Papuans of the Timika Diocese Catholic Church? The church’s workers will use the answer to the question in making pastoral programs in their parish and responding to the people’s doubts about the church’s ministry and its preference for indigenous Papuans. This research was also made to increase people’s awareness of the problems in Papua and how important it is for us to give priority to Indigenous Papuans. The method used in this study is an analysis of two books related to Bishop Saklil: "The Church and Human Tragedy in Timika Diocese, Collection of Statements of Attitudes and Voices in the Mass Media" and "Mgr. John Philip Saklil, Pr, Founder of the Timika Diocese". Apart from that, the researcher, as a diocesan priest in Timika, directly observed the Bishop’s life from 2012-2019. This observation enriches the analysis of the two books mentioned above. Bishop Saklil's contribution to the support of the Papuans in Timika Diocese is Bishop Saklil's preference towards his ‘flocks’ who are Indigenous Papuans (Ind: Orang Asli Papua). There are two ways in which Bishop Saklil manifests his alignment with the Indigenous Papuans: First, by continuing to speak out against the injustice and incivility experienced by everyone in the land of Papua, particularly the Indigenous Papuans. Second, working in silence and continuing to struggle to tear down the building system creates unjust situations.
Copyright (c) 2023 Alfonsus Biru Kira, Dante Salces Barril
Theological Interpretation of the Ke’o rado Ritual for the Cultivation of the Christian Faith Among the Ngadhanese, Flores, Eastern Indonesia
The ke'o rado ritual is a rite of reconciliation and purification for those who have had a tragic death (mata golo) in the Ngadhanesse, Flores, Eastern Indonesia. The primary purpose of this article is to interpret the meaning of the ke'o rado ritual and its theological implications. This paper is a qualitative descriptive study and participatory observation using a literature review and key informant interviews. The study found no official confirmation from the Catholic Church authorities in Ngada that ke'o rado contradicts Christian doctrine. However, some Ngada people consider that the ritual is contrary to the teachings of the Christian faith regarding salvation in Christ and thus should be abandoned. In contrast, this paper concludes that the ke'o rado ritual must be observed since it has theological significance and can be brought into dialogue with the teachings of the Christian faith.
Copyright (c) 2023 Paskalis Lina, Fransikus Dose, Petrus Cristologus Dhogo
Theology of Marital Suffering in the Light of Detachment of Saint John of the Cross
Marital indissolubility is a contentious issue in contemporary Catholic marriages. This qualitative study interviewed eight wives who have endured suffering in their marriages while remaining faithful to the gospel and Church teachings. They viewed their suffering as an ascetic path that leads to spiritual growth. This research explores Saint John of the Cross’s theology of detachment to understand marital suffering. Asceticism within marriage is seen as a means to achieve deeper self-giving to one’s spouse and God. Detachment, a core element of asceticism, purifies one’s being, fostering spiritual growth. John of the Cross’s detachment theology can help couples see their suffering as an avenue to detachment, facilitating divine purification and the ability to transcend marital difficulties without being bound by anything outside of God. This suggests that detachment is a relevant concept in fostering spiritual growth and enhancing self-giving in marriage.
Copyright (c) 2023 Eleine Magdalena, Pidyarto Gunawan, Supriyono Venantius, Andrews Obeng
A Philosophical Expose Towards A ‘God After God’
The escalation of violent incidents in recent times has brought religions to the forefront of world politics, resulting in a shift from their traditional role as conduits of divine revelation to becoming instruments of power and dominance. This phenomenon of kratophany exemplifies the manifestation of violence within religious contexts. The occurrence of violence may be attributed to the foundation of eschatological interpretations within various theological frameworks. The emergence of religious triumphalism and fundamentalism stemming from these theological perspectives has posed a significant danger to both world peace and ecumenical dialogue. The need for peace among faiths has transitioned from being a mere choice to an urgent necessity in contemporary times. The deity that is sought to be understood via the lens of eschatology is a divine being that exists in the future, sometimes referred to as an "after God." Hence, in order to get this comprehension, it is imperative to relinquish any remnants of onto-theological thought that now plague the eschatological analysis of religions. The violent interpretations of eschatologies used by Abrahamic faiths result in a significant loss of significance. The present research aims to address the hermeneutic context that poses a threat of religious violence. This intervention might be likened to Abraham getting Isaac back after first renouncing the notion of a violent sacrifice. In the present day, it is imperative for the Abrahamic faiths to discontinue the practise of harsh sacrifice and instead embrace the concept of peace as a valuable offering.
Copyright (c) 2023 Gregory Ajima Onah, Thomas Eneji Ogar, Ibiang O. Okoi
Harmony of Eschatological Meanings: Between Christian Concept and Manggarai Culture in Indonesia
The Catholic Church is over 100 years old in Manggarai, Flores, Indonesia. The teachings of the Catholic Church are readily accepted by local people, partly because the beliefs of the local people of Manggarai are compatible with the instructions brought by the Catholic Church. This is especially evident, for instance, in the understanding, belief and appreciation of the local community regarding eschatology. Employing an ethnographic-theological study, this article reflects a contextual approach to theology. The method used is an ethnographic-theological study. The data was obtained by direct observation, interviewing traditional Manggarai leaders who are Catholics, and studying some documents related to this article's subject. This study addresses the following question: how does the vision of the Manggaraian people's future help the inculturation of Catholic eschatology? According to the research question, this article explores the basis of hope for the end of the Manggaraian people and simultaneously compares it with the existing Christian eschatology. This study shows a harmony between the eschatological meaning of the Manggaraian local beliefs and that of the Catholic Church. This harmony facilitates the inculturation of Catholic eschatological beliefs into the local culture of the Manggaraian community. This page is in English Translate to Indonesian Afrikaans Albanian Amharic Arabic Armenian Azerbaijani Bengali Bulgarian Catalan Croatian Czech Danish Dutch English Estonian Finnish French German Greek Gujarati Haitian Creole Hebrew Hindi Hungarian Icelandic Indonesian Italian Japanese Kannada Kazakh Khmer Korean Kurdish (Kurmanji) Lao Latvian Lithuanian Malagasy Malay Malayalam Maltese Maori Marathi Myanmar (Burmese) Nepali Norwegian Pashto Persian Polish Portuguese Punjabi Romanian Russian Samoan Simplified Chinese Slovak Slovenian Spanish Swedish Tamil Telugu Thai Traditional Chinese Turkish Ukrainian Urdu Vietnamese Welsh Always translate English to IndonesianPRO Never translate English Never translate aafki-afti.org
Copyright (c) 2023 Benediktus Denar, Paulus Tolo, Thomas Julivadistanto
Forms of Social Justice in The Anthropocene Era
In the Anthropocene period, justice is an urgent issue that necessitates a multifaceted strategy that tackles the numerous facets of social and environmental injustice. The Anthropocene epoch has resulted in enormous changes in the natural world, and the pursuit of justice must consider the intricacies of this new epoch. Degrowth, postcolonialism, and solidarity politics are crucial notions that might help us comprehend justice in the Anthropocene. For sustainability and social fairness, degrowth emphasizes lowering consumption and output. Postcolonialism exposes the continuous exploitation of underprivileged groups and emphasizes the need for equal resource allocation. Solidarity politics acknowledge community interconnectedness and the need for collective action in attaining justice. This essay focuses on the subject of social justice in the Anthropocene era. This essay uses the book's analysis techniques to investigate these ideas from the perspective of justice in the Anthropocene. The study's findings highlight the critical role that degrowth, postcolonialism, and solidarity-based politics may play in creating equity of justice for everyone. Investigating these subjects in creating a more egalitarian and sustainable society was emphasized in this essay.
Theological Foundation: The Apostle Paul and his Framework of thinking
The author identifies several related problems in this scientific work. These problems are evident from the points that have been compiled as follows: First, there are indications that some Christians themselves think that evangelism is only a social activity or just a good life behaviour in society. Second, there are indications that most of our evangelism is direct evangelism. Third, there are indications that not all Christians are passionate about sharing the gospel. The author sees the danger in contextualization: “If contextualization is not carried out, theology will not be relevant; and the same danger is that if contextualization is carried out too vigorously, compromise and syncretism will occur. It is hoped that this research can be input for Christian educators, pastors, and elderly congregations to implement an evangelistic lifestyle under 1 Corinthians 9:1-27 and call the churches to follow him as he followed Christ. Furthermore, it is hoped that this research can be input for Christian educators, pastors, and elderly congregations in implementing an evangelistic lifestyle.
Ibn Sina, Divine Simplicity and the Problem of Ineffability
This paper explores applying the truthmaker theory to address the challenge of divine simplicity and its alignment with Ibn Sina’s understanding of divine attributes. It proposes that God’s essence enables the predication of these attributes, eliminating the need for constituent properties. By adopting this approach, meaningful statements about God can be expressed without delving into ontological intricacies. The truthmaker account establishes a direct connection between God’s necessary existence and the truthfulness of statements about Him, overcoming the barrier of ineffability. It offers a robust framework for understanding and expressing the truth of divine attributes while preserving divine simplicity. Ultimately, the truthmaker account provides a compelling resolution to the problem of ineffability in the realm of divine attributes in Ibn Sina’s philosophy.
Batak Toba Ethnic in Indonesia as a Locus Theologicus: Exploring the Spiritual, Wisdom and Aesthetic Values of Ragi Idup Ulos
Batak Toba is one of many ethnic groups in Indonesia that reside around Lake Toba and are now scattered worldwide. Since the colonial period, this group has become a target for Protestant Christian missions and Catholics, who make it a “locus theologicus” based on their respective characteristics. One tradition of Batak Toba is ulos, such as “ragi idup”, which holds religious, wisdom, and aesthetic meanings. This study examines “ragi idup” ulos as a “locus theologicus” through its spiritual values rooted in wisdom and civilization. The meaning to be achieved in this paper is that the wearing and giving of ulos “ragi idup” is the warning and giving of wisdom in life. Qualitative methods and interviews with knowledgeable individuals help identify religious and wisdom values that can bring theology together using a symbolic approach.
Copyright (c) 2023 Edison Robertus Lamarsen Tinambunan
The Death Penalty In Indonesia: A Theological Perspective of Law
This study aims to explore, analyze and describe the theological perspective on the death penalty and God's way of eradicating evil to answer whether the death penalty can be justified theologically. This research used a descriptive qualitative method. Through this literature review, data are collected and analyzed theologically. The study results found that crime and the death penalty are human products. Evil is the output or impact of human sin. God's works are always related to goodness and the best judgment of God's creations. Evil, including the death penalty, could not be justified because God did not want evil for His creation. Therefore, when humans fell into sin, God ceaselessly saved and converted humans as he sent His only begotten son, willing to die to atone for human sins or save them. In addition to the sacrifice of Jesus, God's way of eradicating evil is also: willingness to suffer, application of sank and rules, forgiveness, radical love, and following Jesus. Theologically, the death penalty is evil, so it cannot be accepted because, for Thomas Aquinas, all forms of the law might be placed in the context of the bonum commune, with the principle of “bonum est faciendum et prosequendum et malum vitandum.” God’s sincerity to suffering must be how humans convert and save fellow humans. Likewise, legal products must align with the goals of the common good and welfare. This research uses a qualitative method. The problem limitation in this article is regarding the legal theological perspective on the death penalty in Indonesia. The findings of this study show that the death penalty is undoubtedly contrary to Thomas Aquinas' moral-theological principle in which God seeks to save humanity, not destroy it.
Copyright (c) 2023 Katarina Leba, Yohanes Endi, Balthasar Watunglawar, Fransesco Agnes Ranubaya
The periculum mortis and the juridical norms of the Catholic Church regarding the Sacraments: Canonical Perspective
In danger of death (periculum mortis), the canonical rules laid down under “normal conditions” concerning the reception and service of the Sacraments are often impossible to adhere to. One of the fundamental problems in pastoral life is a lack of juridical knowledge of the “graces, dispensations, exceptions” in canon law in situations of the danger of death, which can be detrimental to the spiritual rights of the faithful. It is, therefore, essential to examine both normatively and pastorally. Canon law seriously takes the danger of death as a matter of its positive norms. The “exegesis method” of canon law will be used in the canon on periculum mortis, especially book IV of CIC 1983. In conclusion, it is evident that in the face of the danger of death for every physical person in the Church, the principle: salus animarum suprema lex is the only norm that must be observed.